Resistance to Potassium Phosphite in Phytophthora Species Causing Citrus Brown Rot and Integrated Practices for Management of Resistant Isolates.
Identifieur interne : 000073 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000072; suivant : 000074Resistance to Potassium Phosphite in Phytophthora Species Causing Citrus Brown Rot and Integrated Practices for Management of Resistant Isolates.
Auteurs : Wei Hao [États-Unis] ; Helga Forster [États-Unis] ; James Adaskaveg [États-Unis]Source :
- Plant disease [ 0191-2917 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Phytophthora citrophthora, P. syringae, P. nicotianae, and less commonly P. hibernalis are causal agents of brown rot of citrus fruit in California. The chronic disease occurs during the winter season, requires seasonal management, and has limited California citrus exports due to quarantines in some markets. Potassium phosphite (KPO3) is registered as a pre- and postharvest fungicide in the United States to manage Phytophthora brown rot. We evaluated the in vitro toxicity of KPO3 to 65, 60, and 38 isolates of P. citrophthora, P. syringae, and P. nicotianae, respectively, that were obtained from major growing regions of California. Frequency distributions of effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC50 values) were not normally distributed with skewness values of 1.84, 1.60, and -0.51 for each species, respectively. Isolates considered sensitive (EC50 values <25 µg/ml), moderately resistant (EC50 values 25 to 75 µg/ml), or resistant (EC50 values >75 µg/ml) were identified for each species. The majority of P. citrophthora (83.1%) and P. syringae (78.3%) isolates were sensitive, whereas most P. nicotianae isolates (86.8%) were moderately resistant or resistant. Resistance factors were calculated as 65, 19, and 10 for the three species, respectively. In preharvest field trials, KPO3 (2,280 g/ha) applications were not effective in reducing citrus brown rot incidence when orange fruit were inoculated with a resistant (EC50 = 161.9 µg/ml) isolate of P. citrophthora demonstrating the potential for field resistance. Oxathiapiprolin (32.6 g/ha), however, was highly effective indicating the absence of multi-drug resistance. Postharvest treatments with KPO3 were only effective in reducing brown rot caused by the resistant isolate of P. citrophthora to a low incidence when high rates (8,000 µg/ml) were used in heated (54°C) applications. The sensitive and moderately resistant isolates were managed using rates of 4,000 µg/ml, but heated treatments at this rate were needed to reduce brown rot to commercially acceptable levels when decay was caused by a moderately resistant isolate.
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1414-RE
PubMed: 32886038
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The chronic disease occurs during the winter season, requires seasonal management, and has limited California citrus exports due to quarantines in some markets. Potassium phosphite (KPO3) is registered as a pre- and postharvest fungicide in the United States to manage Phytophthora brown rot. We evaluated the in vitro toxicity of KPO3 to 65, 60, and 38 isolates of P. citrophthora, P. syringae, and P. nicotianae, respectively, that were obtained from major growing regions of California. Frequency distributions of effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC50 values) were not normally distributed with skewness values of 1.84, 1.60, and -0.51 for each species, respectively. Isolates considered sensitive (EC50 values <25 µg/ml), moderately resistant (EC50 values 25 to 75 µg/ml), or resistant (EC50 values >75 µg/ml) were identified for each species. The majority of P. citrophthora (83.1%) and P. syringae (78.3%) isolates were sensitive, whereas most P. nicotianae isolates (86.8%) were moderately resistant or resistant. Resistance factors were calculated as 65, 19, and 10 for the three species, respectively. In preharvest field trials, KPO3 (2,280 g/ha) applications were not effective in reducing citrus brown rot incidence when orange fruit were inoculated with a resistant (EC50 = 161.9 µg/ml) isolate of P. citrophthora demonstrating the potential for field resistance. Oxathiapiprolin (32.6 g/ha), however, was highly effective indicating the absence of multi-drug resistance. Postharvest treatments with KPO3 were only effective in reducing brown rot caused by the resistant isolate of P. citrophthora to a low incidence when high rates (8,000 µg/ml) were used in heated (54°C) applications. The sensitive and moderately resistant isolates were managed using rates of 4,000 µg/ml, but heated treatments at this rate were needed to reduce brown rot to commercially acceptable levels when decay was caused by a moderately resistant isolate.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32886038</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0191-2917</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>04</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Plant disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plant Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Resistance to Potassium Phosphite in Phytophthora Species Causing Citrus Brown Rot and Integrated Practices for Management of Resistant Isolates.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1414-RE</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Phytophthora citrophthora, P. syringae, P. nicotianae, and less commonly P. hibernalis are causal agents of brown rot of citrus fruit in California. The chronic disease occurs during the winter season, requires seasonal management, and has limited California citrus exports due to quarantines in some markets. Potassium phosphite (KPO3) is registered as a pre- and postharvest fungicide in the United States to manage Phytophthora brown rot. We evaluated the in vitro toxicity of KPO3 to 65, 60, and 38 isolates of P. citrophthora, P. syringae, and P. nicotianae, respectively, that were obtained from major growing regions of California. Frequency distributions of effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC50 values) were not normally distributed with skewness values of 1.84, 1.60, and -0.51 for each species, respectively. Isolates considered sensitive (EC50 values <25 µg/ml), moderately resistant (EC50 values 25 to 75 µg/ml), or resistant (EC50 values >75 µg/ml) were identified for each species. The majority of P. citrophthora (83.1%) and P. syringae (78.3%) isolates were sensitive, whereas most P. nicotianae isolates (86.8%) were moderately resistant or resistant. Resistance factors were calculated as 65, 19, and 10 for the three species, respectively. In preharvest field trials, KPO3 (2,280 g/ha) applications were not effective in reducing citrus brown rot incidence when orange fruit were inoculated with a resistant (EC50 = 161.9 µg/ml) isolate of P. citrophthora demonstrating the potential for field resistance. Oxathiapiprolin (32.6 g/ha), however, was highly effective indicating the absence of multi-drug resistance. Postharvest treatments with KPO3 were only effective in reducing brown rot caused by the resistant isolate of P. citrophthora to a low incidence when high rates (8,000 µg/ml) were used in heated (54°C) applications. The sensitive and moderately resistant isolates were managed using rates of 4,000 µg/ml, but heated treatments at this rate were needed to reduce brown rot to commercially acceptable levels when decay was caused by a moderately resistant isolate.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hao</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California Riverside, Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 242 Fawcett Lab, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States, 92521.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>United States; weihao@ucr.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Forster</LastName><ForeName>Helga</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California, Dept of Plant Pathology, Riverside, California, United States, 92521; helgaf@ucr.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adaskaveg</LastName><ForeName>James</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California, Plant Pathgology, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States, 92521; jim.adaskaveg@ucr.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Plant Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882809</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0191-2917</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Crop Type</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Disease management</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Fruit</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Oomycota</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora citrophthora</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora nicotianae</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora syringae</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Postharvest</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Preharvest</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Subject Areas</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">chemical</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tree fruits</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32886038</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1414-RE</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hao, Wei" sort="Hao, Wei" uniqKey="Hao W" first="Wei" last="Hao">Wei Hao</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Adaskaveg, James" sort="Adaskaveg, James" uniqKey="Adaskaveg J" first="James" last="Adaskaveg">James Adaskaveg</name><name sortKey="Forster, Helga" sort="Forster, Helga" uniqKey="Forster H" first="Helga" last="Forster">Helga Forster</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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